Current Electricity class 12 physics Questions with Answer PDF

“Enthusiasm is the electric current that keeps the engine of life going at top speed. ..”CURRENT ELECTRICITY”

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  1. What is Current Carriers: The charged particles whose flow in a definite direction constitutes the electric current are called current carriers e.g.,electrons in conductors, 1ons in electrolyte,electrons and holes in semi-conductor.
  2. What is Electromotive Force: The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a cell is the maximum value of the terminal potential difference between its electrodes provided that no current is drawn from the cell in an external circuit. The value of electromotive force a cell depends upon the nature of electrodes, nature and concentration of electrolyte used in the cell and its temperature S.I. unit of e.m.f. is JC-¹or volt (V).
  3. What is Electric Current: It is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge through any section of a given conductor. Its S.I. unit is ampere (A). It is a scalar quantity.

4. What is Drift Velocity : It is defined as the average velocity with which the electrons drift towards the positive end of the conductor under the influence of an electric field.

  1. What is Mobility: It is defined as the drift velocity per unit electric field. Its S.I. unit is m²v–’s–¹
  2. What is Ohm’s Law :It states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends at constant temperature.
  3. What is Resistance: The resistance of a conductor is a measure of its ability to oppose the flow of electric current through it. Insulators offer a high resistance to the flow of current through them. Its S.I. unit is ohm (Ω).
  4. What is Conductance: The conductance is inverse or reciprocal of resistance. Its S.I. unit is siemen.
  5. What is Specific Resistance or Electrical Resistivity: The specific resistance of the material of the conductor is the resistance of a block of this material having unit length and unit area of cross section. Its S.I. unit is ohm-metre.
  6. What is Electrical Conductivity: Electrical conductivity is inverse or reciprocal of electrical resistivity.
  7. What is Conductors: These are the substances (meterial) which can be easily allow the electric current to flow through them. They have free electrons.
  8. What is Insulator: These are the substances (material) which do not allow the electric current to flow through them. They have free electrons.
  9. What is Semi-Conductors: These are the substances (materials) which allow a small current to flow through them. They have only a small number of free electrons.
  10. What is Relaxation Time : It is defined as the average
    time elapsed since each electrons suffered its last collision with the ion.
  11. What is Current Density: It is defined as the amount of current flowing per unit area of cross-section of the conductor, provided the area is held in a direction normal to the current.
  12. What is Effect of Temperature on Resistance: For metals, resistance increase with rise in temperature. For insulators and semiconductors,resistance decrease with rise in temperature.
  13. What is Internal Resistance of a Cell: It is defined as the resistance offered by the electrolyte and to electrodes of a cell when electric current flows through it. It depends upon distance between the electrodes, nature of electrolyte, nature of electrode and area of electrodes immersed in electrolyte.
  14. What is Kirchhoff’s Law
    First law : It states that in any electrical network, the algebraic sum of the currents meeting at a point or junction is always zero.
    Second law: It states that in any closed circuit or mesh, algebraic sum of the products of the current and the resistance of each arm of the circuit is equal to the total electromotive force in the circuit.
  15. What is Wheatstone Bridge: It consists of four resistance P, Q, R and S. To these resistance, a galvanometer G is connected. If the galvanometer shows no deflection, then the bridge is balanced and P/Q= R/S It is used to find the unknown resistance of a given metallic wire. Metre bridge and post office box are two common resistances measuring arrangements based on Wheatstone bridge principle.
  1. What is Electrical Power: The rate at which work is done for maintaining the electric current in an electric circuit is known as the electrical power of that electrical circuit. The S.I. unit of electrical power is watt (W) or it is the rate of use or Supply of electric energy.
  2. What is Electrical Energy: The total work done in maintaining the current in an electric circuit in a given time is defined as electrical energy consumed in the circuit. Its S.I. unit is joule (U) and its commercial unit is kilowatt hour (KWh).

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